Premier Martial Arts San Antonio provides a dynamic path to self-discovery and private progress. From the wealthy historical past of martial arts within the metropolis to the various packages and expert instructors, this information delves into the colourful world of martial arts in San Antonio. Whether or not you search self-defense, health, or competitors, you will discover a excellent match inside this group.
This exploration covers the assorted martial arts kinds prevalent in San Antonio, together with their historic context and evolution. It highlights native colleges, showcasing their distinctive approaches and specialised packages. Moreover, it delves into the security, coaching, and moral ideas integral to the martial arts expertise. The dialogue additionally explores the group influence of those colleges, showcasing their function in private growth and fostering a wholesome life-style.
Finally, this information empowers you to decide on the correct martial arts faculty, emphasizing self-defense and health advantages, in addition to packages for youngsters and teenagers, and the fun of competitors.
Introduction to Premier Martial Arts in San Antonio
San Antonio, a metropolis steeped in wealthy historical past and vibrant tradition, additionally boasts a thriving martial arts group. From the bustling streets to the quiet gyms, the spirit of self-discipline and self-improvement resonates all through. This numerous panorama of martial arts colleges displays town’s dynamic nature, providing a variety of kinds and packages for all ranges of expertise.The town’s martial arts scene has advanced considerably over time, adapting to altering tendencies and group wants.
This evolution has led to a wealthy tapestry of kinds, every with its personal distinctive strategy to bodily and psychological growth. The dedication and fervour of instructors have formed the packages and values which have change into integral to the group.
In style Martial Arts Kinds in San Antonio
San Antonio’s martial arts scene encompasses a wide range of kinds, catering to numerous pursuits and targets. Generally practiced kinds embody Taekwondo, Karate, Judo, Aikido, and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Every fashion provides distinct strategies and philosophies, attracting people looking for completely different avenues of private progress.
Historical past and Evolution of Martial Arts in San Antonio
The presence of martial arts in San Antonio has roots in numerous influences. Early practitioners usually included parts of conventional Asian martial arts, adapting them to the native setting. Over time, new colleges and instructors emerged, resulting in the event of a various and dynamic martial arts group. The evolution is obvious within the vary of kinds now provided and the difference to fashionable wants and pursuits.
The town’s distinctive mix of cultures has performed an important function in shaping the native martial arts scene.
Widespread Values and Rules of Martial Arts Colleges
Martial arts colleges in San Antonio share core values that transcend particular kinds. Self-discipline, respect, and perseverance are basic ideas, fostering self-control and a robust ethical compass. These ideas are emphasised throughout completely different colleges and contribute to a way of group amongst practitioners. Honesty and integrity are additionally extremely valued, shaping the tradition of those colleges.
Significance of Martial Arts within the San Antonio Group
Martial arts packages contribute considerably to the San Antonio group. They supply alternatives for bodily health, psychological self-discipline, and private growth, enriching the lives of individuals. The group side of martial arts fosters social interplay and a supportive setting, creating connections between people of all backgrounds. The advantages lengthen past the bodily realm, nurturing self-discipline and self-respect.
Overview of Martial Arts Applications
Premier Martial Arts packages in San Antonio cater to a variety of pursuits. Self-defense packages give attention to sensible expertise for private security, equipping individuals with strategies to deal with potential threats. Competitors packages practice college students for tournaments, emphasizing strategic considering and efficiency excellence. Health packages make the most of martial arts strategies for improved bodily conditioning and total well-being.
Native Martial Arts Colleges in San Antonio
San Antonio boasts a vibrant martial arts scene, providing a various vary of kinds and approaches for college students of all ages and talent ranges. This dynamic group fosters bodily self-discipline, psychological fortitude, and a robust sense of group. Whether or not you are looking for self-defense, a rigorous exercise, or a pathway to non-public progress, San Antonio’s martial arts colleges have one thing to supply.Exploring the assorted colleges permits you to uncover distinctive educating philosophies and methodologies.
Every faculty cultivates a definite environment, influenced by the instructors’ backgrounds and their dedication to their craft. Understanding these variations helps college students discover a program that greatest aligns with their particular person wants and aspirations.
Outstanding Martial Arts Colleges
San Antonio is house to a variety of revered martial arts colleges, every with its personal distinctive strengths and areas of focus. These colleges play a big function in shaping town’s martial arts panorama, offering a wide range of packages for all ranges of dedication. They’re devoted to the cultivation of bodily and psychological energy by way of their chosen disciplines.
Instructing Philosophies and Methodologies
Completely different colleges undertake numerous educating philosophies and methodologies, reflecting the instructors’ backgrounds and their distinctive views on martial arts. Some colleges emphasize conventional strategies and historic lineages, whereas others undertake extra up to date approaches, mixing custom with fashionable methodologies. Every strategy seeks to maximise pupil growth and guarantee a holistic expertise.
Martial Arts Applications Provided
The array of packages accessible in San Antonio’s martial arts colleges is spectacular, catering to a large spectrum of pursuits. These packages present alternatives for people to develop self-discipline, bodily prowess, and priceless life expertise. Applications usually embody courses for newcomers, intermediate practitioners, and superior college students. They usually lengthen past the bodily, aiming to domesticate character and psychological energy.
Forms of Martial Arts Kinds
San Antonio provides a wide range of martial arts kinds, offering numerous pathways for private progress. The kinds usually emphasize completely different facets of martial arts coaching, whether or not or not it’s self-defense, competitors, or holistic growth. Among the frequent kinds embody Tae Kwon Do, Karate, and Jiu-Jitsu.
Faculty Particulars
| Faculty Title | Tackle | Contact | Specialization |
|---|---|---|---|
| Premier Martial Arts | 123 Predominant St, San Antonio, TX 78205 | (555) 555-5555 | Tae Kwon Do, Self-Protection, Health |
| San Antonio Karate Academy | 456 Elm St, San Antonio, TX 78201 | (555) 555-1212 | Karate, Self-Protection, Character Improvement |
| Southside Jiu-Jitsu | 789 Oak St, San Antonio, TX 78207 | (555) 555-9999 | Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Self-Protection, Competitors |
| Dragon’s Fury Martial Arts | 1011 Pine St, San Antonio, TX 78212 | (555) 555-1212 | Muay Thai, Kickboxing, Self-Protection |
Martial Arts Coaching in San Antonio
San Antonio’s martial arts scene thrives with a various vary of colleges, kinds, and devoted practitioners. Whether or not you are a newbie looking for self-defense or an skilled pupil aiming to raise your expertise, a protected and efficient coaching setting is paramount. This part delves into the essential facets of martial arts coaching, from security and teacher {qualifications} to the development of expertise.Thorough coaching in martial arts requires a robust basis of security and method.
Correct instruction ensures that college students be taught the proper actions and postures, minimizing the chance of damage. Moreover, understanding and making use of security precautions can rework a doubtlessly harmful exercise right into a rewarding and empowering expertise.
Security Measures and Correct Coaching Strategies
Secure coaching is essential for each the practitioner and others within the class. Clear directions on correct warm-up procedures and cool-down stretches, in addition to the avoidance of overexertion, are important. Instruction on learn how to fall safely and using protecting gear, like mouthguards and hand wraps, are important. A supportive and inspiring setting, fostering respect and accountable habits, can be essential.
Teacher {Qualifications} and Expertise
A certified teacher is paramount to a optimistic studying expertise. They possess not solely a deep understanding of the martial artwork but in addition expertise in educating and mentoring college students. This encompasses their capacity to adapt their educating fashion to particular person wants and ranges, together with their understanding of correct security procedures. Search for instructors who maintain related certifications and reveal a monitor report of success in fostering pupil progress and growth.
Widespread Coaching Gear
Varied tools enhances martial arts coaching. From primary gadgets like mats and hand wraps to specialised instruments like sparring gloves, protecting gear ensures each consolation and security throughout apply. Using these instruments will help to refine method and improve efficiency, in addition to stop accidents. Examples embody heavy luggage, focus mitts, and leap ropes. The suitable use of kit is essential to maximise advantages.
Self-discipline and Respect in Martial Arts
Self-discipline and respect are core values in martial arts. Respect for oneself, one’s teacher, and fellow college students is essential. A robust sense of self-discipline helps to keep up focus, dedication, and perseverance. This fosters a supportive setting the place college students can be taught and develop whereas adhering to established pointers and protocols.
Development of Expertise and Belts
Martial arts usually make the most of a rating system, usually represented by belts, to indicate talent growth. Every belt stage corresponds to particular strategies, kinds, and information. This development permits college students to steadily construct their understanding and proficiency. The gradual improve in talent and accountability is a big motivator for college students and displays their dedication and dedication to the artwork.
Group Affect of Martial Arts in San Antonio
San Antonio, a vibrant metropolis brimming with cultural richness, finds a robust reflection within the native martial arts group. Past the bodily self-discipline, these colleges domesticate a spirit of group engagement, fostering private progress, and contributing considerably to town’s total well-being. Martial arts are greater than only a exercise; they are a lifestyle.Martial arts colleges in San Antonio aren’t simply locations to be taught strategies; they’re group hubs.
They supply a welcoming house for folks of all ages and backgrounds to attach, be taught, and develop collectively. This sense of belonging is a vital ingredient of town’s vibrant social cloth.
Social and Cultural Affect
The martial arts group in San Antonio has fostered a singular social dynamic. College students from numerous backgrounds, ages, and walks of life come collectively, studying from one another and constructing friendships that transcend the dojo. This fosters a robust sense of group, making a supportive community that extends past the coaching classes. This interconnectivity is a robust instance of San Antonio’s multicultural tapestry woven collectively by way of shared values.
Group Occasions and Actions
Martial arts colleges usually host demonstrations, workshops, and fundraising occasions for the broader group. These occasions not solely showcase the abilities and self-discipline of their college students but in addition present a platform for group engagement. Examples embody demonstrations at native festivals, workshops on self-defense for girls, and charitable fundraisers benefiting native charities. These actions reinforce the notion of martial arts as a optimistic drive within the metropolis.
Private Progress and Character Improvement
Martial arts coaching is not nearly mastering strategies; it is about creating important life expertise. The self-discipline, focus, and respect fostered within the coaching setting translate into improved character and private progress. College students be taught to persevere by way of challenges, respect authority, and work collaboratively with others, expertise invaluable for private success and group contribution.
Contribution to a Wholesome Life-style
Martial arts present a holistic strategy to well-being, encompassing bodily, psychological, and emotional well being. Common coaching results in elevated bodily health, improved coordination, and a way of self-confidence. Past the bodily advantages, the psychological self-discipline cultivated by way of martial arts coaching can result in stress discount and improved focus.
Integration into the Broader San Antonio Group
Martial arts colleges in San Antonio actively take part in group occasions and initiatives. They collaborate with native colleges, hospitals, and group facilities to supply workshops and demonstrations, fostering optimistic relationships and contributing to town’s total well-being. This energetic participation showcases the worth of martial arts past the dojo, demonstrating its function in strengthening town’s social cloth.
Discovering the Proper Martial Arts Faculty
Selecting a martial arts faculty is a big resolution, impacting your journey and expertise. It is not nearly choosing a spot; it is about discovering a group and a method that resonates with you. Think about your targets, your studying fashion, and the setting you thrive in. This course of needs to be as rewarding because the coaching itself.Discovering the right martial arts faculty in San Antonio entails cautious consideration of a number of key components.
Your targets, funds, and private preferences ought to all play a task on this choice course of. This part will enable you to navigate the decision-making course of, guaranteeing you select a college that aligns along with your aspirations and supplies the absolute best coaching.
Components to Think about When Selecting a Faculty
Choosing a martial arts faculty entails evaluating numerous facets. These components embody the instructors’ {qualifications}, the varsity’s coaching strategies, and the general group environment. Understanding these essential facets will information you in direction of an acceptable and fulfilling expertise.
- Teacher Experience: Search for instructors with confirmed expertise and credentials. Think about their educating fashion and the suggestions from different college students. A certified teacher can considerably influence your studying and growth.
- Coaching Strategies: Completely different colleges make the most of numerous coaching strategies. Some emphasize self-defense strategies, others give attention to competitors, and others prioritize bodily and psychological well-being. Assess the strategies used and the way they align along with your targets.
- Faculty Tradition: The environment of the varsity is simply as necessary because the curriculum. A supportive and welcoming setting is essential for efficient studying and motivation. Think about the varsity’s group and the rapport amongst college students.
- Charges and Monetary Issues: The prices related to martial arts coaching can fluctuate considerably. Examine completely different colleges’ tuition charges and related bills. A transparent understanding of the prices is crucial for making a well-informed resolution.
- Location and Comfort: The accessibility of the varsity performs a big function. Think about the proximity to your private home, work, or different commitments. A handy location will decrease time spent commuting and maximize your coaching.
Inquiries to Ask Potential Colleges
Thorough analysis is significant. Listed below are some inquiries to ask potential martial arts colleges to achieve a greater understanding of their packages and values. These inquiries will enable you to make an knowledgeable resolution.
- What are the {qualifications} and expertise of your instructors?
- What are the precise coaching strategies employed at your faculty?
- What’s the faculty’s philosophy and strategy to martial arts coaching?
- What’s the faculty’s coverage on pupil progress and evaluations?
- What are the schooling charges and different related bills?
- Are you able to present examples of profitable college students and their achievements?
Profitable Martial Arts Applications and College students
Quite a few martial arts packages in San Antonio have produced distinctive college students. These examples spotlight the transformative potential of devoted coaching and dedication. These people exemplify the dedication and progress doable by way of constant effort.
- Instance 1: An area faculty has constantly produced high-performing college students in regional and nationwide competitions. This demonstrates the varsity’s efficient coaching methodologies.
- Instance 2: A distinct faculty has seen vital progress in its college students’ self-confidence and self-discipline. This success showcases the significance of a supportive studying setting.
Comparability of Coaching Strategies and Studying Kinds
Completely different martial arts colleges undertake various coaching methodologies. Think about how these strategies may align along with your particular person studying fashion. Understanding the approaches employed will assist you choose a college that caters to your wants.
- Conventional strategies emphasize disciplined apply and a robust give attention to the historic facets of the artwork.
- Fashionable approaches usually incorporate up to date strategies and methodologies, incorporating parts of health and self-defense.
Significance of a Supportive Studying Setting
A supportive and inspiring studying setting is significant for fostering progress and motivation. College students thrive in an environment that promotes respect, collaboration, and mutual help. This supportive setting contributes considerably to the coed’s total well-being and success.
- Constructive reinforcement: Encouragement and optimistic suggestions are key elements of a nurturing setting.
- Respectful interactions: A tradition of respect amongst college students and instructors fosters a wholesome and motivating environment.
Martial Arts and Self-Protection
Unlocking your inside energy and confidence by way of martial arts coaching goes past simply studying cool strikes. It is about cultivating a proactive strategy to non-public security and empowerment. This journey equips you with the abilities and mindset to navigate doubtlessly difficult conditions with grace and resilience.Understanding the various strategies taught in San Antonio’s martial arts colleges supplies a sensible framework for self-defense.
This encompasses not simply bodily expertise, but in addition the essential ingredient of situational consciousness. By combining strategic considering with honed bodily skills, you develop a complete strategy to non-public safety.
Advantages of Martial Arts for Self-Protection
Martial arts coaching provides a multifaceted strategy to self-defense, far exceeding easy hanging or grappling. It fosters self-discipline, builds confidence, and refines your capacity to react successfully and calmly below strain. Studying to manage your physique and thoughts is key to profitable self-defense.
Overview of Self-Protection Strategies
San Antonio martial arts colleges provide a variety of self-defense strategies. These embody hanging strategies like punches, kicks, and blocks; grappling strategies like takedowns, holds, and submissions; and weapons defenses, which offer methods for coping with doubtlessly harmful objects. The effectiveness of those strategies varies primarily based on the person and the precise scenario.
Significance of Situational Consciousness in Self-Protection
Efficient self-defense is not nearly mastering strategies; it is also about understanding the setting and anticipating potential threats. Creating situational consciousness entails actively observing your environment, figuring out potential risks, and making calculated selections to keep away from dangerous conditions.
Position of Martial Arts in Private Empowerment
Martial arts coaching empowers people by constructing self-discipline, resilience, and confidence. By pushing bodily and psychological boundaries, practitioners acquire a deeper understanding of their capabilities and domesticate a stronger sense of self-worth. This private progress extends past the dojo and positively impacts day by day life.
Contrasting Self-Protection Kinds
Completely different martial arts kinds emphasize various strategies and ideas. The next desk supplies a glimpse into the main focus and key strategies of some distinguished kinds.
| Fashion | Focus | Strategies |
|---|---|---|
| Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu | Floor combating, leverage, submissions | Chokes, joint locks, takedowns |
| Muay Thai | Putting, clinching, and kicking | Punches, elbows, knees, kicks, clinching |
| Aikido | Non-violent, redirecting drive, joint locks | Throws, pins, joint locks, strikes |
| Wing Chun | Environment friendly hanging, close-range fight, round motion | Punches, kicks, blocks, palm strikes, sweeps |
Martial Arts and Health
Unlocking a fitter, more healthy you thru the dynamic world of martial arts. It is extra than simply kicks and punches; it is a pathway to outstanding bodily and psychological well-being. Uncover how these disciplines can sculpt your physique, improve your spirit, and elevate your total high quality of life.
Cardiovascular Advantages
Martial arts coaching supplies a implausible cardiovascular exercise. From the extreme bursts of vitality throughout sparring to the continual actions in drills, your coronary heart charge elevates, and your lungs work tougher. This constant cardiovascular exercise helps strengthen your coronary heart, enhance blood circulation, and improve your total endurance. Common martial arts apply can considerably scale back your threat of coronary heart illness and enhance your respiratory perform.
Consider it as a exercise that doubles as a cardio-boosting expertise.
Power Coaching Features
Martial arts are filled with strength-training alternatives. Whether or not you are working towards punches, blocks, or grappling strategies, you are consistently partaking your muscle tissues. This constant use of your muscle tissues promotes muscle progress, will increase bone density, and improves total energy and energy. Completely different martial arts provide distinctive strength-training challenges. As an illustration, some give attention to explosive energy, whereas others emphasize endurance and management.
Flexibility and Agility Enhancements
The continual stretching and dynamic actions in martial arts coaching considerably enhance flexibility and agility. From stances to kicks, your physique is continually transferring by way of a variety of movement, rising your vary of movement and joint flexibility. This enhanced flexibility may scale back the chance of accidents and enhance your total physique mechanics. The agility enhancements permit for fast reactions and swift actions, important for each self-defense and athletic efficiency.
Vitamin and Train in Martial Arts Coaching
Correct diet and train are important elements of a profitable martial arts coaching routine. A balanced eating regimen supplies the mandatory vitamins for muscle restore and progress, whereas common train helps keep a wholesome weight, enhance endurance, and improve efficiency. A well-rounded strategy to diet and train helps the physique’s wants throughout intense coaching and restoration. Satisfactory hydration can be essential.
Completely different Martial Arts and Health Advantages
| Martial Artwork | Health Advantages |
|---|---|
| Taekwondo | Excessive-impact kicks, highly effective punches, flexibility, and agility. Glorious for cardiovascular health and constructing energy. |
| Judo | Throws, grappling, and takedowns. Develops energy, flexibility, stability, and endurance. |
| Karate | Quick-paced punches, kicks, and blocks. Glorious for cardiovascular health, energy, and self-discipline. |
| Aikido | Easy and flowing strategies, emphasis on leverage and stability. Enhances flexibility, agility, and coordination. |
| Muay Thai | Highly effective punches, kicks, knees, and elbows. Develops explosive energy, energy, endurance, and resilience. |
Martial Arts for Kids and Teenagers
Children and teenagers are naturally drawn to actions that foster progress, self-discipline, and self-confidence. Martial arts provide a implausible outlet for these wants, offering a structured setting the place they’ll be taught priceless life classes whereas having enjoyable. The advantages lengthen far past bodily prowess, impacting character growth and social expertise in profound methods.A well-structured martial arts program for youngsters and teenagers is extra than simply kicking and punching.
It is a complete strategy to non-public growth, equipping them with important instruments for fulfillment in all facets of life. Age-appropriate coaching is essential, guaranteeing that every stage of childhood and adolescence is catered to, selling security and fostering a love for the artwork.
Age-Acceptable Coaching for Kids and Teenagers
Kids’s martial arts packages should be meticulously tailor-made to the developmental stage of every pupil. Early childhood packages give attention to basic actions, coordination, and constructing a robust sense of self-discipline and respect. Emphasis is positioned on optimistic reinforcement and enjoyable, making a welcoming and inspiring setting. As youngsters progress, coaching turns into extra refined, introducing extra superior strategies and methods.
Adolescents are sometimes inspired to delve deeper into the philosophical and historic facets of the martial artwork, fostering self-awareness and understanding of their very own potential.
Character Improvement Via Martial Arts
Martial arts should not merely about bodily expertise. They provide a robust framework for character growth, fostering essential life expertise. The self-discipline required to grasp strategies interprets into self-discipline in on a regular basis life, instilling a way of accountability and dedication. Respect for oneself and others is emphasised all through coaching, making a supportive and harmonious setting. These values should not merely taught; they’re modeled and skilled by way of the apply itself.
Kids be taught the significance of perseverance by way of overcoming challenges and the satisfaction of reaching targets, cultivating resilience and self-belief.
Self-discipline and Respect in a Constructive Method
Martial arts instill self-discipline and respect in a optimistic and constructive method. Clear guidelines and expectations create a structured setting, educating youngsters the significance of order and accountability. Respect is cultivated by way of interactions with instructors and friends, selling a way of group and shared goal. This isn’t a inflexible imposition however a gradual integration of values that form their habits and interactions in all facets of their lives.
Illustrative Examples of Kids’s Martial Arts Applications
Varied youngsters’s martial arts packages cater to completely different wants and preferences. Many packages incorporate age-appropriate actions like video games, drills, and motivational workout routines to interact youngsters and promote curiosity. Emphasis is usually positioned on selling teamwork, sportsmanship, and problem-solving expertise. These packages usually combine bodily health with psychological acuity, guaranteeing well-rounded growth.One instance is a program that begins with primary actions like stances and blocks, steadily progressing to extra complicated strategies.
One other program could emphasize the historic and philosophical facets of the martial artwork, fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of the self-discipline.
Martial Arts and Competitors: Premier Martial Arts San Antonio
Entering into the ring, or onto the mat, is greater than only a bodily problem. It is a journey of private progress, pushing boundaries, and embracing the aggressive spirit. Martial arts competitors is not nearly profitable; it is about honing expertise, fostering self-discipline, and experiencing the fun of the sport.Competitors in martial arts supplies a structured setting for practitioners to check their skills towards others.
This structured competitors pushes people to refine their method, develop their psychological fortitude, and finally obtain a better stage of mastery of their chosen self-discipline. It is a important a part of the martial arts journey.
The Significance of Sportsmanship
A key element of martial arts competitors is sportsmanship. It is not merely about following guidelines, however about understanding and embodying the spirit of honest play. Respect for opponents, referees, and your entire martial arts group is paramount. A robust emphasis on sportsmanship ensures a optimistic and enriching expertise for everybody concerned. It reinforces the ideas of respect, courtesy, and integrity which might be on the core of martial arts coaching.
Advantages of Taking part in Tournaments, Premier martial arts san antonio
Taking part in tournaments provides quite a few advantages, past the fun of competitors. These experiences construct confidence, enhance focus, and develop resilience. The strain of competitors pushes people to push their bodily and psychological limits, resulting in better self-awareness and private progress. Tournaments additionally present priceless expertise in dealing with strain and managing feelings throughout high-stakes conditions. Studying to manage feelings and keep centered throughout intense competitors is a vital life talent.
Examples of Native and Regional Tournaments
Quite a few martial arts tournaments happen throughout San Antonio and the encircling areas. Native colleges continuously host occasions to showcase pupil expertise and foster a way of group. Regional competitions usually draw individuals from numerous colleges and golf equipment, making a dynamic and thrilling environment for martial artists. The precise tournaments fluctuate in nature and format, however they usually contain a wide range of disciplines and talent ranges.
Martial Arts Competitors Classes
Martial arts competitions are usually organized into distinct classes. These classes are normally primarily based on age, talent stage, weight class, and particular martial artwork fashion. For instance, a karate event might need classes for youngsters’s kinds, superior sparring, and kata (pre-arranged kinds). This structured categorization ensures that opponents are matched pretty, permitting for a difficult and rewarding expertise for everybody.
The precise classes and their necessities are sometimes Artikeld by the governing physique of the actual martial artwork.
| Martial Artwork | Competitors Classes |
|---|---|
| Taekwondo | Types, sparring, breaking, poomsae |
| Karate | Types, sparring, kata, kumite |
| Judo | Throws, grappling, submissions |
| Muay Thai | Clinch combating, hanging, kickboxing |
